7 common issues with growing potatoes that could potentially result in a ruined crop – and valuable advice from experts on how to prevent them

Growing potatoes can be a rewarding experience for gardeners of all levels, but it’s not without its challenges. In this article, we will explore seven common potato growing problems that many growers face, along with expert tips on how to avoid them. Whether you’re a seasoned potato gardener or a beginner, these tips will help you maintain a healthy crop and maximize your harvest.

Problem 1: Poor drainage

Potatoes require well-drained soil to thrive. If your soil retains too much water, it can lead to waterlogged roots and cause tuber rot. To avoid this problem, it’s important to balance the moisture levels in your soil. One way to achieve this is by adding organic matter, such as compost or aged manure, to improve the soil’s drainage capabilities.

Expert tip: Ensure that your potato bed is slightly elevated to prevent water from pooling around the plants. This can help keep the roots healthy and prevent rot.

Problem 2: Insufficient watering

While potatoes need well-drained soil, they also require consistent watering throughout the growing season. Too little water can result in stunted growth and small, underdeveloped tubers. On the other hand, overwatering can lead to diseases and pests.

Expert tip: A good rule of thumb is to water your potatoes when the top two inches of soil are dry. Be sure to water deeply, allowing the water to penetrate into the root zone.

7 Common Potato Growing Problems

• Pest Infestation: One of the most common problems that potato growers face is pest infestation. Pests like beetles and aphids can damage the foliage and tubers, impacting the overall yield. To avoid this problem, it is important to regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and remove them manually or use organic pest control methods.
• Disease Outbreak: Potatoes are prone to various diseases, which can cause significant damage to the crop. Common potato diseases include late blight, early blight, and black scurf. To prevent diseases, maintain proper spacing between plants to promote air circulation, practice crop rotation, and remove infected foliage. Also, consider using disease-resistant potato varieties.
• Soil Imbalance: Imbalanced soil nutrient levels can lead to poor potato growth. For example, low nitrogen levels can result in stunted plants, while excessive nitrogen can cause vigorous foliage growth and smaller tubers. Conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient levels and amend the soil accordingly with organic fertilizers.
• Poor Drainage: Potatoes require well-drained soil to thrive. Excessive moisture can lead to rotting tubers and the development of diseases. Improve drainage by adding organic matter like compost or vermicompost to the soil and avoid overwatering.
• Frost Damage: Frost can damage potato plants, resulting in stunted growth and blackened foliage. To protect potato plants from frosts, plant them after the last expected frost date or provide sheltered growing conditions. Additionally, hilling soil around the base of the plant can help protect the tubers from frost damage.
• Competition from Weeds: Weeds compete with potato plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Keep the potato planting area weed-free by regularly removing weeds manually or using mulch. Companion planting with beneficial plants like marigolds can also help suppress weed growth.
• Improper Harvesting: Harvesting potatoes at the right time is essential to avoid problems like immature tubers or tubers that have been exposed to frost. Wait until the foliage has turned yellow and dies back before harvesting. Gently dig up the tubers to prevent damage and let them cure in a cool, dry place for a week or two before storing.

By being aware of these common potato growing problems and taking proactive measures to avoid them, home growers can hope for a more successful potato crop. Proper fertilization, maintaining soil balance, promoting biodiversity, and following good gardening practices throughout the growing season can help combat these problems and ensure optimal potato yield.

1 Blight

Blight is one of the most common and serious potato growing problems that growers face. It is a highly contagious disease caused by fungi, such as Phytophthora infestans, that can quickly spread and destroy entire crops. Blight affects both the foliage and the tubers of potato plants, leading to reduced size and yield.

To combat blight, it is important to avoid planting potatoes in areas that have had blight problems in previous seasons. It is also important to choose blight-resistant potato varieties, as well as practice good crop rotation to reduce the risk of disease. Additionally, regular inspection of plants for any signs of blight, such as lesions or yellow spots on the foliage, is essential to detect and manage the disease early.

Encouraging biodiversity in the garden can help maintain a healthy balance of beneficial insects and pests, which can help control blight. Planting companion plants that repel pests or attract beneficial insects like ladybugs can also be helpful. Well-draining soil and regular watering to keep the soil moisture at optimal levels can help reduce the risk of blight as well.

In terms of fertilization, it is important to avoid over-fertilizing potato plants, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth and make them more susceptible to blight. Instead, using compost or organic fertilizers can provide the necessary nutrients for optimal growth without promoting excessive foliage.

Sheltered growing areas with good air circulation can also help minimize the risk of blight by reducing the amount of moisture that sits on the foliage, which can promote disease development. Growers should also avoid watering the foliage, as this can create ideal conditions for blight to thrive.

In terms of timing, it is important to take into account the potential for frost when planting potatoes. Frost can damage the foliage and tubers, making the plants more susceptible to blight. Therefore, it is advisable to wait until after the last frost of the season before planting potatoes.

If blight does occur, it is important to take immediate action to prevent its spread. This may include removing and destroying infected plants, as well as applying fungicides as a last resort. Regular monitoring and prompt action can help minimize the impact of blight on the potato crop.

In conclusion, blight is a serious potato growing problem that can lead to reduced crop size and yield. However, by following good cultural practices and implementing strategies to prevent and manage blight, growers can significantly reduce the risk of this disease and ensure a successful potato harvest.

2 Small tubers

One of the problems that potato growers may encounter is the production of small tubers. There are a few factors that can contribute to this issue, and it’s important to be aware of them in order to avoid it in your own crop.

Sheltered growing conditions: Potatoes need plenty of sunlight and good air circulation to grow and develop properly. If they are growing in a sheltered area with limited exposure to sunlight, they may produce smaller tubers. It is important to choose a location that offers optimal growing conditions for your potatoes.

Diseases and pests: Certain diseases and pests can also affect the size of potato tubers. Diseases such as late blight or early blight can cause damage to the foliage and reduce the overall productivity of the plants. Pests like aphids or potato beetles can also feed on the plants, causing stunted growth and reduced tuber size. It is important to monitor your plants for any signs of disease or pest infestation and take appropriate action to prevent or treat them.

Imbalanced nutrient levels: Potatoes require a balanced supply of nutrients for optimal growth and tuber development. If the soil is lacking in certain nutrients, it can result in smaller tubers. It is important to provide adequate fertilization, including adding compost or other organic matter to improve soil fertility. Regular soil testing can help determine any nutrient deficiencies and guide fertilization practices.

Weather conditions: Weather can also play a role in the size of potato tubers. Periods of extreme heat or drought can stress the plants and lead to smaller tubers. On the other hand, cold temperatures or late frosts can damage the plants and result in decreased tuber size. It is important to monitor the weather conditions and protect your plants from any extreme weather events when possible.

Plant spacing: Planting potatoes too close together can also lead to smaller tubers. Overcrowding can limit the availability of nutrients and water for each plant, resulting in reduced tuber size. It is important to give each plant enough space to grow and develop properly. The recommended spacing for potato plants is typically around 12-15 inches apart.

Companion planting: Companion planting with other beneficial plants can encourage healthy potato growth and prevent small tubers. Some examples of beneficial companion plants for potatoes include marigolds, which repel pests, and beans, which fix nitrogen in the soil and provide additional nutrients. Planting these companion plants throughout your potato rows can help support their growth and overall productivity.

In summary, there are several factors that can contribute to the production of small potato tubers. By providing optimal growing conditions, monitoring for diseases and pests, maintaining a balanced nutrient supply, and practicing proper plant spacing and companion planting, you can avoid this problem and ensure a healthy potato crop.

3 Yellow leaves

Yellowing leaves on potato plants can be caused by various factors, including weather conditions, nutrient deficiencies, diseases, pests, and improper gardening practices. Here are some common reasons why potato plants may develop yellow leaves:

1. Lack of essential nutrients: Potatoes require a balanced supply of nutrients to grow and produce healthy foliage. A deficiency in nitrogen, for example, can lead to yellowing of leaves. To combat this problem, always ensure that your soil has optimal nutrient levels. Applying organic fertilizers or compost before planting can help provide the necessary nutrients for the plants.
2. Inadequate irrigation: Potatoes need consistent moisture throughout the growing season. Insufficient rainfall or irregular watering can cause stress to the plants, leading to yellow leaves. Regularly monitor the moisture levels in the soil and irrigate as needed to keep the soil evenly moist. Be careful not to overwater, as excessive moisture can also cause yellowing.
3. Diseases and pests: Diseases and pests can also cause yellowing of potato leaves. Common diseases like early blight or late blight can lead to yellow spots on the foliage. Pests such as potato beetles can cause damage to the leaves, resulting in yellowing. To combat these issues, practice good garden hygiene, such as removing and destroying affected plants or infected foliage. You can also consider using biological controls or organic insecticides to manage pests.

By addressing these factors and providing proper care, you can prevent yellowing leaves in your potato plants and ensure a healthy harvest.

4 Frost damage

In colder regions, frost can be a major problem for potato plants. Frost occurs when temperatures drop below freezing, causing ice crystals to form on the plants and potentially damaging their cells. This can lead to stunted growth, wilted foliage, and even death of the plants.

To combat frost damage, it is essential to plant frost-tolerant varieties of potatoes. Cubian potatoes, for example, are known for their ability to withstand frost. Additionally, it is important to monitor weather conditions throughout the growing season and take preventive measures when frost is expected.

Here are some expert tips to prevent frost damage:

1. Planting in raised beds: Planting potatoes in raised beds can help to improve drainage and reduce the risk of frost damage. Raised beds also provide better air circulation, which can help to prevent frost formation.
2. Using frost blankets: Covering potato plants with frost blankets or row covers can provide a protective barrier against frost. These covers trap heat from the soil and create a microclimate that is less prone to frost damage.
3. Applying mulch: Adding a layer of mulch around the potato plants can help to insulate the soil and protect the plants from frost. Mulch also helps to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
4. Watering properly: Proper watering is crucial for preventing frost damage. Water the plants early in the day so that the moisture has time to evaporate before the temperatures drop at night. Wet soil retains heat better than dry soil, reducing the risk of frost damage.

It is important to note that frost damage is not limited to potato plants alone. Other crops and plants can also be affected by frosts. Therefore, it is essential to take proper precautions and protect your garden from extreme weather conditions.

In general, the key to a successful potato harvest is to provide optimal growing conditions throughout the season. This includes maintaining good soil fertility levels, using proper fertilization techniques, and encouraging biodiversity in the garden. Companion planting can also be beneficial as some plants repel pests or provide natural shade, which helps to keep the potato plants healthy.

By understanding the potential problems that can arise and taking preventive measures to avoid them, you can ensure a bountiful potato harvest year after year.

5 Green potatoes

Green potatoes are a common problem that many potato growers face. They occur when potatoes are exposed to light, causing them to turn green. This can happen during the growing season if the plants are not properly covered by the foliage, or it can occur after harvest if the potatoes are not stored in a dark environment. Here are five key points to consider when dealing with green potatoes:

1. Keep plants well-fertilized: Providing adequate fertilization to your potato plants can help prevent them from becoming stressed and more susceptible to greening. Ensure the soil has good levels of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus.
2. Protect plants from excessive heat: Potatoes prefer cooler temperatures and can be sensitive to extreme heat. Planting them in shaded areas or providing shade covers during periods of intense heat can help prevent greening.
3. Avoid using excessive fertilizers: Using too much nitrogen fertilizer can encourage the growth of lush foliage but increase the likelihood of green potatoes. Use fertilizers judiciously and follow recommended application rates.
4. Control pests and insects: Insects like the Colorado potato beetle can cause damage to potato plants, making them more susceptible to greening. Implementing pest control measures, such as companion planting and beneficial insects, can help reduce the risk.
5. Provide proper storage conditions: After harvest, store potatoes in a cool, dark environment to prevent exposure to light. Avoid storing them with fruits like apples, as they release ethylene gas, which can accelerate sprouting and greening of potatoes.

By following these tips, you can minimize the occurrence of green potatoes and ensure optimal quality and taste in your potato harvest.

6 Hollow centers

One problem potato growers may encounter is the development of hollow centers in their tubers. This issue can be caused by a variety of factors, including water stress, imbalances of nutrients, and diseases.

In terms of water stress, too much or too little water can both contribute to the formation of hollow centers. It’s important to maintain a consistent watering schedule and ensure that plants receive adequate moisture throughout their growing period. Over-irrigation can lead to poor tuber development and hollowness, while under-irrigation can result in dehydration and the same problem. Therefore, finding the optimal balance is crucial.

Nutrient imbalances can also play a role in the development of hollow centers. Potassium deficiency, in particular, is a common culprit. Potassium is essential for overall plant health and helps regulate water uptake and transport. Insufficient potassium levels can impair tuber formation and lead to hollow centers. Therefore, it’s crucial for growers to regularly test their soil and provide balanced fertilization to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients.

In addition to water and nutrient-related issues, diseases can also cause hollow centers in potatoes. Certain pathogens, such as Cubian root knot nematode and Fusarium spp., can infect the tubers and cause internal damage. This can result in hollow spaces within the potatoes. To combat diseases, it’s important to practice proper crop rotation, use disease-resistant varieties, and implement good sanitation practices in the field.

Extreme heat can also contribute to the development of hollow centers. High temperatures can cause stress to the plants, affecting their overall growth and tuber development. This can lead to hollow centers in the harvested potatoes. To mitigate this problem, growers should consider planting their potatoes in well-drained soil and providing shade when necessary.

Another factor that can encourage the formation of hollow centers is the size of the potatoes. If potatoes are allowed to grow too large, they may be more prone to developing hollow centers. To avoid this, it’s recommended to harvest potatoes when they reach a suitable size, typically around 2-3 inches in diameter.

In conclusion, hollow centers in potatoes can be caused by various factors, including water stress, nutrient imbalances, diseases, extreme heat, and the size of the potatoes. To avoid this problem, growers should ensure consistent watering, proper fertilization, disease prevention measures, and harvest potatoes at an optimal size. By addressing these issues, growers can increase the likelihood of obtaining healthy, well-formed potatoes for both home and commercial crops.

7 Pests

When growing potatoes, pests can cause significant damage to your crop. Here are 7 common pests to watch out for and how to avoid them:

1. Potato beetle: This beetle is a major pest for potato crops. It feeds on the foliage and can lead to defoliation if not controlled. To combat this pest, you can manually remove the beetles and their larvae from the plants. Companion planting with plants like cubian marigold can also help to deter them.

2. Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of potato plants. They can cause yellowing and curling of the leaves. To control aphids, you can use insecticidal soap or a strong blast of water to dislodge them from the plants. Ladybugs and lacewings are natural predators of aphids, so introducing them to your garden can also help to reduce aphid populations.

3. Potato late blight: Late blight is a fungal disease that can cause devastating damage to potato crops. It thrives in cool, wet conditions and can spread rapidly through a field. To prevent late blight, plant resistant potato varieties and practice good crop rotation. Remove any infected plant material and avoid overwatering.

4. Flea beetles: Flea beetles are small, jumping insects that feed on the leaves of potato plants. They leave small, round holes in the foliage. To control flea beetles, you can use row covers or insecticidal soap. Companion planting with plants like radish or turnip can also help to deter them.

5. Wireworms: Wireworms are the larvae of click beetles and can cause damage to potato tubers. They bore into the tubers, leaving small, round holes. To prevent wireworm infestations, practice good crop rotation and remove any crop residues after harvest. Tilling the soil before planting can also help to expose and control wireworm larvae.

6. Colorado potato beetle: The Colorado potato beetle is a major pest of potatoes across North America. It feeds on the foliage and can quickly defoliate plants if not controlled. To combat this pest, you can manually remove the beetles and their larvae from the plants. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be effective in controlling Colorado potato beetle populations.

7. Slugs: Slugs can be a problem for potato plants, especially during wet periods. They feed on the foliage and can cause extensive damage. To control slugs, you can use slug baits or traps, or create barriers around your plants using copper tape or diatomaceous earth.

By taking measures to prevent and control these pests, you can help ensure a healthy and productive potato crop. Regular monitoring of your plants and early intervention is key to preventing pest damage.